All the carbon atoms in the universe, including those found in the human body, were made billions of years ago long after the formation of simpler atoms like hydrogen. Carbon atoms, and similar atoms all larger than hydrogen were formed by very different processes and in very strange places.

In which of the following links is there a discussion of the way in which carbon atoms were first created?

The "Triple Alpha Process" is a unique type of phenomenon related to atoms and the formation of larger atoms. It is so special that it cannot take place in the human body, or in any living creature.

In which of the following links is there a discussion of the one place in the universe where the triple alpha process can take place?

Rhombohedral graphite is a specific form of carbon. It is one of several "allotropic forms" of this element that is found on earth.

In which of the following links is there a discussion of various carbon allotropes, including the varieties of graphite?

Fullerenes are sometimes called "buckyballs" after the name of an architect. They are the most recent allotropic form of an important element in chemistry and biology

In which of the following links is the nature of fullerenes and the special element that forms them described?